Ask any person off the street what nationality
he is and you'll get a myriad of responses: Irish, Italian,
English, Chinese, Vietnamese, French, but "American" will probably
not be one of them. Most likely, you'll find that the average
American describes himself by his ties to his country of origin.
Only 0.6% of the American population is Native American, so
your ethnicity is typically directly linked to your lineage
- from where your great grandparents immigrated and your nationality
is your place of birth.
Every ethnic group that immigrated to America
in search of a better life also became the target of discrimination.
We've had waves of immigration from various parts of the world
because of famines, political unrest, or religious wars. European
immigrants blended quickly into the American scene both physically
and culturally. Other immigrants from Asia, Latin America, and
Africa were not able to blend into the American culture as easily.
When America hit bumps in the economy that affected the welfare
of the nation, minorities often became the scapegoat. During
the 1980's Japan was largely blamed for a world-wide recession
which made Japanese Americans vulnerable to the anger of those
who were unwilling or unable to distinguish between the actions
of foreign nations and economy and those of the Japanese American
community. In March 2001, according to a nationwide study conducted
by Yankelovich Partners for the Committee of 100, one in four
Americans has 'strong negative attitudes' toward Chinese Americans,
would feel uncomfortable voting for an Asian American for president
of the United States, and would disapprove of a family member
marrying someone of Asian ancestry.
One of the most unjust actions in America's short
history was the internment of the Americans of Japanese ancestry
during WWII. After the imperialist Japanese air force attacked
Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, 120,000 Americans of Japanese
ancestry were ordered to pack only what they could carry and
leave their homes to live behind barbed wire, guarded with armed
military personnel, in internment camps for over three years.
Many lost valuable property, businesses, and personal possessions.
Why? The U.S. government stated that they feared that these
Americans of Japanese ancestry, who lived in California, Oregon,
and Washington, might be enemy spies. And, if this were truly
the reason for incarcerating American families who lived on
the mainland, why didn't they intern the Americans of Japanese
ancestry who lived in Hawaii? Wouldn't Hawaii be the ideal location
for Japanese enemy spies? With 158,000 Americans of Japanese
ancestry living in Hawaii, only about 2400 were imprisoned.
Where's the logic? And, there was no evidence of espionage amongst
the 120,000 Americans of Japanese ancestry any time during WWII
or afterward.
The proud, loyal Americans of Japanese ancestry
felt an odd sense of communal shame for the Japanese attack
on Pearl Harbor. The mainland Japanese Americans were indignantly
forced into "internment" camps. From behind barbed wire fences,
thousands of the "Nisei" (second generation Japanese Americans)
volunteered for military service with the U.S. Army as a display
of loyalty and patriotism. The all-Japanese American 100th/442nd
Regimental Combat Team was responsible for heroic rescues. The
most famous included the rescue of 211 Texans of the "Lost Battalion"
who were completely surrounded by the Germans. The cost of the
three-day struggle was high for the Nisei combat team--184 soldiers
dead and over 600 wounded. The highly acclaimed film "Beyond
Barbed Wire" highlights the skill, technical ingenuity, and
"go for broke" patriotism of these young men. For the Pacific
theater of operations, six thousand men volunteered for the
Military Intelligence Service (MIS), and it was claimed by General
Douglas MacArthur's staff that the Nisei linguists shortened
the war by two years, thus saving many lives on both sides.
After the war, the Nisei soldiers remained silent
about their heroic accomplishments. They, however, were to experience
severe racism and hate crimes. Even today hate crimes plague
the Asian American communities. "Believe it or not, there are
some states that I avoid visiting because I'm Asian American,"
says Marcia Hashimoto, president of the Watsonville-Santa Cruz
Japanese American Citizens League (JACL).
In the past there have been letters to the editor
that blame Japanese Americans for the bombing of Pearl Harbor
and the Bataan Death March during World War II. Of the civilian
casualties of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, many were Japanese
Americans. "There are people who do not and will not recognize
Americans of Asian heritage as Americans. They do not understand
that we, as Americans, are appalled, too, with such events,
and we are not and never have been responsible for the actions
taken by the Japanese government during WWII. Our loyalty has
always been to our country, America," writes Hashimoto.
"There is a perception that we are still not American,
that we're the perpetual foreigner," said Ted Wang, policy director
for the Chinese for Affirmative Action in San Francisco. "That
plays into the distrust of Asian Americans in the context of
government and private corporations." [San Francisco Chronicle,
Matthew Yi and Ryan Kim]
The history books have skipped over this blemish
on the face of America's recent past. Films like "Beyond Barbed
Wire" bring awareness to the fact that the most decorated unit
in America's military history were Americans of Japanese ancestry.
The United States was founded on the premise that
all men are created equal. As the sole superpower and role model
to the world, we are a nation comprised of immigrants from virtually
every nation on earth. It was the brave immigrants, our forefathers
who risked their lives to come to the "land of opportunity,"
who have created the foundation of America. By becoming American
citizens, these immigrants have proven their loyalty to the
United States, and they should enjoy the freedoms and privileges
as such. So let's be proud to be Americans, regardless of our
ethnicity.